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Concept on PAL & NTSC & SECAM - Film and Broadcast Video Standards

Sunday, October 04, 2015





I say a big Hello to all Readers and My Students, and I start today's blog with a very common to my last topic " Basic Concept on SMPTE Timecode for Video Editors ",that I covered in my last post .


Concept on PAL & NTSC - broadcast video standards :


 " Concept on PAL & NTSC - broadcast video standards " is today's topic which I would love to share with you .


NTSC and PAL are two types of colour encoding systems that affect the visual quality of content viewed on analog televisions and, to a much smaller degree, content viewed on HDTVs.

While NTSC delivers a frame rate of 30 frames per second (fps) at an aspect ratio of 720x480, PAL uses a frame rate of 25 fps and a 720x576 aspect ratio. The PAL system offers automated colour correction compared to NTSC's manual colour correction. The NTSC standard is popular in places like the U.S. and Japan, while PAL is more common in countries such as the UK, Australia, Sweden, some parts of Africa, India, and elsewhere

There is a third standard, called SECAM (Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire or Sequential Colour with Memory), that is used in Eastern Europe and France.


Countries that use NTSC - PAL - SECAM :

NTSC systems are mostly limited to North America, parts of South America, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and South Korea. PAL systems are much more common around the world and can be found in Australia, most of Western Europe, China, some parts of Africa, India, and elsewhere. A third system, known as SECAM, is found in France, Russia, and parts of Africa.

Picture Quality in NTSC vs. PAL :

NTSC and PAL are two types of colour encoding systems that affect the visual quality of content viewed on analog televisions and, to a much smaller degree, content viewed on HDTVs. While NTSC delivers a frame rate of 30 frames per second (fps) at an aspect ratio of 720x480, PAL uses a frame rate of 25 fps and a 720x576 aspect ratio. The PAL system offers automated colour correction compared to NTSC's manual colour correction. The NTSC standard is popular in places like the U.S. and Japan, while PAL is more common in countries such as the UK, Australia, Sweden, some parts of Africa, India, and elsewhere There is a third standard, called SECAM (Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire or Sequential Colour with Memory), that is used in Eastern Europe and France. Countries that use NTSC - PAL - SECAM : NTSC systems are mostly limited to North America, parts of South America, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, and South Korea. PAL systems are much more common around the world and can be found in Australia, most of Western Europe, China, some parts of Africa, India, and elsewhere. A third system, known as SECAM, is found in France, Russia, and parts of Africa. - Abhirup from http://abhirups-blog.blogspot.in/
Picture Quality in NTSC vs. PAL
PAL lines go out at 50 fields per second (since Europe uses a 50 hertz power supply), i.e., 25 alternating lines. PAL televisions produce 25 frames per second that causes motion to be displayed faster. PAL may have fewer frames per second, but it also has more lines than NTSC. PAL television broadcasts have 625 lines of resolution, compared to NTSC's 525. More lines means more visual information, which equals better picture quality and resolution.


A very quick note before wrapping up : If you try to convert a PAL movie to an NTSC tape, 5 extra frames must be added per second or the action might seem too jerky, whereas to the opposite is true for an NTSC movie converted to PAL. 5 frames must be removed per second or the action may seem unnaturally slow.



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